The Medical Group has implemented antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs since January 2014 and employs various strategies to reduce inappropriate utilization of antimicrobials, minimize the emergence of AMR and lower incidence of health-care-associated infections (HAIs) and reduce cost. Although Antimicrobial stewardship programs focus on antibiotic prescribing practice, it is supported by an understanding of local antibiotic susceptibility trends, which in turn depends on the availability of a reliable medical microbiology laboratory resource. ![]() Data can be utilized to help in the selection of empirical therapy by selecting the most appropriate antibiotics before susceptibility results are available, but remains generally unexploited for purposes of epidemiological surveillance. Routine clinical microbiology laboratory data provide a profile of the susceptibilities of specific bacteria to antimicrobial agents for monitoring and responding to emerging antimicrobial issues. Only two years ago, Saudi Ministry of Health has implemented a nationwide ban on the sale of antibiotics without a legal prescription however, despite this law, dispensing antibiotics without prescription is still common. In Saudi Arabia, misuse of antimicrobials is high and complicated primarily because antibiotics are available to buy by anyone over-the-counter via the community pharmacies without a legal prescription. Decreasing private sector investment in the development of new antimicrobials to treat AMR infections threatens global efforts to fight this danger and AMR requires international attention and collaboration, because bacteria do not recognize borders. Unless proactive solutions are found to address AMR, global costs are estimated to reach USD 3 trillion annually by 2050 and an additional 10 million people could die each year cumulated costs could reach over USD 100 trillion. The observed increase in susceptibility of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to studied antimicrobials is important however, reduced sensitivity of MRSA, CoNS and Enterococcus species to gentamicin and increased resistance of MRSA to linezolid and vancomycin is a serious threat and calls for effective antimicrobial stewardship programs.Īntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to public health imposing significant health and economic burdens on healthcare system and patients. However, we noted reduced sensitivity of MRSA, CoNS and Enterococcus species to gentamicin and increased resistance of MRSA to linezolid and vancomycin. An increase in the susceptibility of Acinetobacter and Enterobacter and Citrobacter species to all studied antimicrobials was observed except for colistin that had a slight sensitivity reduction in 2019 by 4.3% against Acinetobacter species. During the 5 years, there were relatively stable susceptibility patterns to all tested antimicrobials, except for cefotaxime which shown a susceptibility reduction by 41.4%, among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Gram-negative isolates were mostly sensitive to tigecycline (95%) whereas they were resistant to cefotaxime (49.5%) and cefixime (59.6%). Gram-positive isolates were mostly susceptible to linezolid (91.8%) whereas they were resistant to ampicillin (52.6%), cefoxitin (54.2%), and doxycycline (55.9%). The ranking of causative pathogens in decreasing order was: Escherichia coli (38%), Klebsiella species (15.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%). Gram-negative pathogens were 2.3-times more likely to cause HAIs compared to gram-positive bacteria (71.9% vs. About 9450 (53.8%) of patients who suffered HAIs were females and the average age was 41.7 ± 14.3 years (78.1% were adults and 21.9% were children). Over a 5-year period, 38,624 pathogens caused 17,539 HAI events in 17,566 patients. ![]() Methodsĭata on trends of antimicrobial susceptibility among bacteria causing HAIs events in children and adults at three tertiary private hospitals located in Riyadh and Qassim, Saudi Arabia, were collected retrospectively between 20 using the surveillance data datasets. Objectivesĭescribe susceptibility patterns to several antimicrobials in gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients causing HAIs at three private tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia over a 5-year period. Studying time-related changes in susceptible pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is vital in improving local antimicrobial and infection control practices.
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